Initial analysis for characterizing and mitigating the pseudorange biases of BeiDou navigation satellite system

Satellite Navigation

Table 1 Dual-frequency combination of unmitigated pseudorange biases with different user correlation spacings

BDS PRN	B1-frequency			B3-frequency			B1/B3 dual-frequency bias (m): K1··Bias_B1- K3··Bias_B3
BDS PRN	Ref. (B1-chip)	User (B1-chip)	Bias (m)	Ref. (B3-chip)	User (B3-chip)	Bias (m)	B1/B3 dual-frequency bias (m): K1··Bias_B1- K3··Bias_B3
1 (GEO-1)	0.2	0.5	− 0.4001	1.0	0.6	− 0.0290	− 1.1214
2 (GEO-6)	0.2	0.5	0.0424	1.0	0.6	0.1167	− 0.1020
3 (GEO-3)	0.2	0.5	− 0.3277	1.0	0.6	− 0.0843	− 0.8008
4 (GEO-4)	0.2	0.5	− 0.1207	1.0	0.6	0.0085	− 0.3718
5 (GEO-5)	0.2	0.5	0.2964	1.0	0.6	0.0489	0.7775
6 (IGSO-1)	0.2	0.5	0.1012	1.0	0.6	0.0231	0.2530
7 (IGSO-2)	0.2	0.5	− 0.2489	1.0	0.6	0.0094	− 0.7510
8 (IGSO-3)	0.2	0.5	0.0840	1.0	0.6	0.0190	0.2103
9 (IGSO-4)	0.2	0.5	− 0.0157	1.0	0.6	− 0.1156	0.1785
10 (IGSO-5)	0.2	0.5	− 0.2597	1.0	0.6	− 0.0342	− 0.6980
11 (MEO-3)	0.2	0.5	0.3746	1.0	0.6	0.0313	1.0419
12 (MEO-4)	0.2	0.5	0.0014	1.0	0.6	0.1412	− 0.2703
13 (IGSO-6)	0.2	0.5	0.0412	1.0	0.6	0.0051	0.1114
14 (MEO-4)	0.2	0.5	0.4316	1.0	0.6	− 0.1400	1.5426