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Table 1 Uncertainty sources (95% confidence level) for position, determined from GPS, and the total uncertainty, assuming the normal distribution of the uncertainty sources, high degrees of freedom and a coverage factor, k, of 2

From: Overview of legal traceability of GPS positioning in Australia

Uncertainty source

Position uncertainty horizontal (mm)

Position uncertainty vertical (mm)

Type A—Experimental error

2

6

Type B—Antenna phase centre

3

10

Type B—Monument stability

1–20

1–40

Type B—Other sources including un-modelled crustal loading, satellite orbit variations, atmosphere, tectonics, signal multi-path

6

10

Total

7–21

15–43