Table 1 Accuracy requirements and costs of typical indoor PLAN applications
Application | Accuracy requirement | Cost |
|---|---|---|
Industry and construction (Schneider 2010) | Centimeter-level to millimeter-level | $ 10,000 level |
Autonomous vehicles (Basnayake et al. 2010; Levinson and Thrun 2010; NHTSA 2017; Reid et al. 2019; Agency 2019; Stephenson 2016; Nvidia 2020) | Decimeter-level to centimeter-level | $ 1,000 level to $ 10,000 level |
Indoor mapping (Cadena et al. 2016) | Decimeter-level to centimeter-level | $ 1,000 level |
First responder (Rantakokko et al. 2010) | Decimeter-level in horizontal, floor-level in height | $ 1,000 level |
Pedestrian applications (Dodge 2013) | Meter-level in horizontal, floor-level in height | Use existing consumer devices; infrastructure deployment cost of $ 10 level per 100 m2-level area |
Cellular emergency (FCC 2015) | 80% within 50Â m | Use existing cellular systems |