Primary sensor | Company | Performance | Sensor cost |
---|---|---|---|
Camera | Mobileye | Decimeter-level to centimeter-level | $100 level to $10 level |
Camera (infrastructural) | VICON | Centimeter-level and higher | $10,000 level to $1,000 level for a specific area (e.g., a parking lot) |
LiDAR | Velodyne | Decimeter-level to centimeter-level | $10,000 level to $1,000 level |
LiDAR (infrastructural) | SICK | Decimeter-level to centimeter-level | $10,000 level for a specific area |
HD map | HERE | Centimeter-level | Costly. A team of professional cars works for days to create a regional HD map |
Inertial sensors (vehicle) | Profound positioning | 2% of travel distance | Low-cost IMU at $ 100 to $ 10 level |
Inertial sensors (pedestrian) | TDK-InvenSense | 4–8% of distance; 1% of distance with a fixed device | Low-cost IMU at $ 100 to $ 10 level |
GNSS | Trimble | Decimeter-level to centimeter-level | $ 1,000 level |
UWB | Decawave | Decimeter-level | $ 100 level for a set of anchors that are used to cover a place of 100 m2 level |
Ultrasonic | Marvelmind | Decimeter-level | $ 100 level for a set of anchors that are used to cover a place of 100 m2 level |
WiFi/BLE | Cisco | 50% within 5Â m and 90% within 10Â m | Infrastructure deployment cost of $ 10 level per 100 m2-level area |
5G | Huawei | No commercial PLAN system yet | $1000 to $ 100 level per base station. Coverage range from kilometer-level to within 100Â m |