Table 5 Comparison of traditional map and HD map
Time | Accuracy | Generation method | Challenge |
|---|---|---|---|
Traditional map (since 2000) | Meter-level to decimeter-level (TomTom 2020; Liu et al. 2020), road-level | Satellite imagery, land-based mobile mapping, and onboard GNSS crowdsourcing | Not significant |
HD maps (since 2010) | Centimeter-level (Liu et al. 2020), where-in-lane level | A team of professional cars equipped with high-end LiDAR, cameras, GNSS, and INS (Synced 2018) Crowdsourcing using car-mounted cameras (Abuelsamid 2017) (challenging) | High requirements on accuracy, resolution, and updating rate; high data and computational loads |