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Fig. 10 | Satellite Navigation

Fig. 10

From: Characterization of multi-scale ionospheric irregularities using ground-based and space-based GNSS observations

Fig. 10

a Power spectral of midlatitude GPS amplitude scintillation in October 2014. Spectal index \(p = -2.8\) and fresnel scale is 0.09 Hz. b Power spectral of in situ density irregularities observed by DMSP satellites F13 and F14 observed in September 2001 during a period of GPS scintillations. The spectral index of − 2.2 is observed (Adapted from Eltrass et al. (2016))

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