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Table 5 Data processing strategies and settings in real-time PPP with smartphones

From: Real-time GNSS precise point positioning with smartphones for vehicle navigation

Items

Strategies/settings

Raw measurements

Code pseudoranges, carrier-phase, Doppler, C/N0, ADR State, and other related information in Android GNSS API

Code smoothing

Smoothed by Doppler

Elevation cutoff

10°

C/N0 mask

20 dB·Hz

Stochastic model

C/N0-dependent

Precise orbits and clocks

Derived from broadcast ephemeris and real-time SSR corrections

Ionospheric delay

Estimated for each satellite by adding virtual ionospheric measurements derived from the real-time SSR VTEC product using the ionosphere-weighted PPP model

Tropospheric delay

Estimated zenith tropospheric delay with global mapping function for projection

Phase ambiguities

Estimated as float values

Receiver clock offsets

Separate receiver clock parameters for code and carrier phase are applied and estimated as white noise in the PPP filter

User coordinates

Estimated as white noises in kinematic mode