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Satellite Navigation
Fig. 2 | Satellite Navigation

Fig. 2

From: Authenticating GNSS civilian signals: a survey

Fig. 2

Message in typical NMA schemes consists of navigation messages, Message Authentication Codes (MACs) \(I_{{{\text{MAC}}}}^{n}\), keys in a delayed-disclosure one-way chain, and root information. Root page \(I_{{{\text{Root}}\;{\text{page}}}}^{n}\) consists of a verification root to verify keys and a digital signature to verify the verification root

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