Fig. 1

Integrity fault tree example; P_LOI: probability of loss of integrity; P_{LOI, sat & sig}: P_LOI related to satellite and signal faults; P_{LOI, atm}: P_LOI related to atmospheric anomaly; P_{LOI, prod}: P_LOI related to product (correction) faults; P_{LOI, env}: P_LOI related to work environment anomaly; P_{LOI, user}: P_LOI related to user-end faults. See Table 1 for detailed failure modes in each group. Adapted from “Quantifying Integrity”, by Hexagon Positioning Intelligence 2019, Velocity, 2019, p. 20. Copyright 2019 by Novatel Inc. Adapted with permission